This Comment then argues, given the weakness of current domestic regimes with respect to submarine cable protections, the International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea can assert jurisdiction over disputes related to submarine hacking. To answer this question, this Comment explores the development of public international law with respect to the high seas and evaluates public international norms for hacking and cyber operations. This Comment evaluates whether states have any legal recourse under public international law against entities that hack into submarine cables. Because these cables are located on the high seas, however, no country has legal jurisdiction over large portions of them allowing for any number of states or private actors to hack into them and steal valuable information. These cables, however, are vulnerable to interference or hacking by foreign states who seek to obtain the valuable data that passes through them. In July 2017, it was launched for commercial services and is the longest submarine cable system in over a decade.Submarine internet cables play a vital role in the modern economy and transmit almost all global internet connections between countries. Frequently Asked Questions (F.A.Q.)Īsia-Africa-Europe 1 (AAE-1) is a 25,000 km submarine communications cable system from South East Asia to Europe. The electric core is a concentric assembly of inner conductor, electric insulation and protective layers often carry optical fibers for data transmission or temperature measurement, in addition to the electrical conductors. The purpose of submarine power cables is the transport of electric current at high voltage. What is the purpose of submarine power cables? These are called “submarine” because they usually carry electric power beneath salt water (arms of the ocean, seas, straits, etc.) but it is also possible to use submarine power cables beneath fresh water (large lakes and rivers). Submarine power cableĪ submarine power cable is a transmission cable for carrying electric power below the surface of the water. If a submarine cable fault it is possible that internet services could cause disruption, but Internet is a decentralized network and when a node fails the information flow can re-route through other intact nodes and cables. What happens if submarine cable fault? There is a cable map around the world connecting all countries. You can see it better in our submarine cable map in 3D at top of the page. – The eighth and last layer, on the outside, polyethylene coating. – The seventh layer, a polyethylene terephthalate tape – The sixth layer, some braided steel wires. – The fifth layer, a waterproof aluminum barrier. – The fourth layer, a polycarbonate tube. – The third layer, a copper or aluminum tube. – The second layer, Vaseline that protects from water. There are up to eight layers in submarine cables, which we explain from the inside to the outside (contrary to the image that illustrates it) Everything around it is just layers and layers that protect it from breaking easily, waterproofing the entire cable or padding it. Although in photographs or images we can see them with a great thickness, the truth is that their diameter is approximately three centimeters. It will depend on the connection in question, but it is a fine and delicate material. In this post, you can see an interactive submarine cable map that you can use in a globe in 3D. In this case, they are much more affordable than the satellites themselves. They are options with many advantages over others such as satellites, for example. Virtually all communications today are made through submarine cables, more than 90% of them. Submarine cables allow us to transmit data through them to improve telecommunications services.
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